Telescopes originated nyob rau hauv tsom iav. Tib neeg pib siv tsom iav txog 700 xyoo dhau los. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1300 AD, cov neeg Italians pib ua cov tsom iav nyeem los ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag convex. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1450 AD, cov tsom iav myopic kuj tshwm sim. Xyoo 1608, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Dutch eyewear chaw tsim tshuaj paus H. Lippershey stumbled raws li ob lo ntsiab muag stacked ua ke kom meej meej pom tej yam nyob deb. Xyoo 1609, tus kws tshawb fawb Italian Galileo Galilei tau hnov txog qhov kev tsim kho no thiab tam sim ntawd ua nws tus kheej tsom iav thiab siv nws los saib lub hnub qub. Txij thaum ntawd los, thawj astronomical telescope tau yug los. Galileo tau siv nws lub tsom iav los saib hnub ci, qhov craters ntawm lub hli, lub hli hli (Galileo lub hli), cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev poob ntawm Venus, thiab lwm yam tshwm sim, uas txhawb nqa Copernicus 'heliocentric txoj kev xav. Galileo lub telescope tau tsim los siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm refraction ntawm lub teeb, yog li nws hu ua refractor.
Nyob rau hauv 1663, Scottish astronomer Gregory siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav ntawm lub teeb los ua ib daim iav Gregorian, tab sis nws ua tsis tau tejyam los ua nrov vim tsis paub tab technology. Xyoo 1667, tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv Newton tau ua kom zoo dua Gregory lub tswv yim me ntsis thiab ua ib daim iav Newtonian, uas muaj qhov aperture ntawm tsuas yog 2.5 centimeters, tab sis nrog kev nthuav dav ntau dua 30 zaug, thiab tseem tshem tawm cov chromatic aberration ntawm lub tsom iav raj, uas ua rau nws. siv tau heev. [1] Xyoo 1672, Fab Kis Fab Kis Cassegrin tau siv daim iav concave thiab convex los tsim daim iav Cassegrin, uas yog tam sim no feem ntau siv. Lub koob yees duab zoo li no muaj qhov ntev focal ntev thiab lub cev daim iav luv, qhov loj loj, thiab cov duab meej; Nws tuaj yeem siv ob qho tib si los kawm cov khoom hauv qhov chaw me me ntawm kev saib thiab thaij duab loj. Hubble siv qhov tsom iav tsom iav no.
Nyob rau hauv 1781, British astronomers W. Herschel thiab C. Herschel nrhiav tau Uranus nrog homemade 15-centimeter aperture mirrors. Txij thaum ntawd los, astronomers tau ntxiv ntau lub luag haujlwm rau lub tsom iav raj, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsom xam spectral. Xyoo 1862, American astronomers thiab cov tub thiab Clark (A.Clark thiab AG Clark) tau tsim ib 47-centimeter aperture refractoscope thiab thaij duab ntawm Sirius tus khub. Xyoo 1908, Amelikas astronomer Hale tau coj kev tsim kho ntawm 1.53-meter aperture daim iav los yees duab lub spectrum ntawm Sirius tus khub. Xyoo 1948, Haier Telescope tau ua tiav, thiab nws qhov aperture ntawm 5.08 meters yog txaus los soj ntsuam thiab txheeb xyuas qhov kev ncua deb thiab pom meej tshaj tawm ntawm cov khoom nyob deb. [2]
Xyoo 1931, German optomelist Schmidt ua Schmidt-hom telescope, thiab nyob rau hauv 1941, Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab astronomer Maksutov ua ib tug Maksutov-Cassegrain refolding daim iav, enriching hom telescopes.
Nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab niaj hnub no, astronomical telescopes tsis txwv rau optical wavelengths. Xyoo 1932, Asmeskas cov kws tshaj lij xov tooj cua tau tshawb pom lub xov tooj cua hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Milky Way, kos npe rau hnub yug ntawm xov tooj cua astronomy. Tom qab lub satellite tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1957, qhov chaw astronomy telescopes vam meej. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua tshiab, neutrinos, teeb meem tsaus ntuj, gravitational tsis thiab lwm yam tshiab telescopes tau nyob rau hauv ascendant. Tam sim no, ntau cov ntaub ntawv xa los ntawm lub cev xilethi-aus tau dhau los ua qhov muag ntawm astronomers, thiab tib neeg lub qab ntug tau dhau los ua qhov dav thiab dav. [2]
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2021, tom qab cov txheej txheem ntev ntawm kev tsim kho engineering thiab kev sib koom ua ke, qhov kev cia siab ntau ntawm James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) thaum kawg tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tso tawm hauv Fab Kis Guiana thiab yuav raug tso tawm nyob rau yav tom ntej.