Spotting Scope yog dab tsi?
Cov neeg caij dav hlau, dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua, cov dav hlau thauj khoom thiab cov qoob loo cog qoob loo tag nrho muaj ib yam zoo sib xws; lawv yog txhua hom dav hlau, txhua tus muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb los sau, thiab lub npe tshwj xeeb uas piav qhia txog lub luag haujlwm ntawd. Ib yam li ntawd, "spotting scopes" yog qhov tseeb telescopes uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev saib sab hnub poob.
Kev txiav txim siab luv luv thiab sib zog dua li lawv cov kwv tij txheeb ze uas muaj hnub qub, pom cov scopes nrog apertures ntawm 50mm thiab 127mm (2 mus rau 5 ntiv tes) yog qhov zoo heev rau kev ua kom peb txaus siab rau txhua yam haujlwm nyiam thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tso cai rau peb kom nyab xeeb saib (lossis yees duab) lub hom phiaj uas yuav ua rau peb ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Piv txwv li, piv txwv li, koj xav saib hornets ncig ntawm lawv lub zes. Ib qho chaw pom kev teeb tsa ntawm 20- lub zog yuav tso cai rau koj sawv 50 ko taw ntawm lub zes thiab tseem txaus siab rau kev pom zoo li koj tsuas yog 2 1/2 ko taw deb-zoo li ze txaus los kov nws!
Hom Spotting Scopes
Spotting scopes tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam configurations, feem ntau: Schmidt-Cassegrains thiab Maksutov-Cassegrains, nyob rau hauv uas tsom iav yog siv los quav lub teeb rov qab rau nws tus kheej ua cov cuab yeej portable thiab yooj yim rau siv, thiab ntau ntau refracting hom. Hauv cov cuab yeej no, lub teeb tau sib sau ua ke thiab coj mus rau qhov ua kom pom tseeb los ntawm lub lens "hom phiaj".
Thaum cov kev kawm nyob deb heev, los yog thaum muaj kev daws teeb meem siab-lub peev xwm los saib cov ntsiab lus zoo-yuav tsum tau, pom cov scopes nrog cov apertures loj heev feem ntau ua haujlwm. Txhawm rau ua kom cov cuab yeej no txav tau yooj yim raws li qhov ua tau "sib xyaw" system-xws li Schmidt lossis Maksutov tau piav qhia saum toj no-ua qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog siv tau.
Feem ntau ntawm cov naturalists, txawm li cas los xij, pom lawv cov kev xav tau tau ntsib los ntawm kev siv refracting spotting scopes ntawm nruab nrab aperture-feem ntau 50mm txog 102mm (2 mus rau 4 ntiv tes)-thiab lawv nyob deb ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws.
Qhov Basic (Fixed Eyepiece) Spotting Scope
Cov kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas no sawv cev rau tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws thaum xav txog ntawm aperture vs. Qhov no yog vim qhov yooj yim ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim kho. Lawv muaj lub hom phiaj lens, lub prism kom offset kab ntawm pom mus rau ib tug yooj yim dua 45-degree kaum sab xis thiab ib tug eyepiece. Magnification yog nce los yog txo los ntawm kev siv interchangeable eyepieces ntawm ntau yam "powers." Nws yog qhov kev hloov ntawm eyepieces uas ua rau ntau tus naturalists xaiv qhov nrov dua thiab sophisticated zooming spotting Scope.
Advanced (Zoom) Spotting Scope
Rau cov tib neeg uas nws yuav tsum tau txwv rau qee lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ncua deb, lossis leej twg yuav ua kev soj ntsuam los ntawm lawv lub tsev lossis lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev, qhov chaw pom tau piav qhia saum toj no yuav ua tau zoo.
Cov neeg saib noog thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tu ncua ntawm kev mus thiab lean mus rau telescopes uas tuaj yeem muab ntau yam magnifications yam tsis tas yuav nrhiav thiab fumble txog nrog ib phau ntawm eyepieces. Rau feem ntau ntawm lawv, "zoom" pom qhov ntsuas yog qhov ntsuas ntawm kev xaiv. Feem ntau, lawv raug nqi ntau dua li qhov ntsuas qhov muag ntawm qhov sib npaug aperture thiab zoo, tab sis ua rau nws nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim lawv muab.
Kev ua tau zoo
Thaum koj tau txiav txim siab seb hom tsom iav qhov twg yuav zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau, thiab kev txiav txim siab txog styling, qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi tau hais, nws yog lub sijhawm los tig koj lub siab rau kev ua haujlwm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xav txog lub koob yees duab kev ua tau zoo suav nrog: Aperture, Magnification thiab Anti-Reflective Coatings.
Aperture
Aperture yog qhov ntsuas-feem ntau teev nyob rau hauv millimeters-ntawm ib lub ntsuas lub ntsiab lens lossis daim iav. Txhua square inch ntawm lub hom phiaj lo ntsiab muag nto sib sau ua ke ntau lub teeb li 9 lub qhov muag dav qhib. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txawm tias 60mm qhov pom kev muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem sib sau ntau lub teeb ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim ntawd tshaj li 41 lub qhov muag! Qhov no piav qhia vim li cas ntau tus neeg tshiab los siv cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag qhia qhov xav tsis thoob nrog lub peev xwm pom cov khoom zoo heev hauv cov xwm txheej qis, lossis hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, uas yuav tsis pom. Qhov no tsis yog lub hwj chim khawv koob ntawm qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus, tsuas yog qhov yooj yim kho qhov muag siv cov cai ntawm physics.
Tab sis ntau npaum li cas aperture koj xav tau? Txhua yam uas peb pom yog muab tawm los yog qhia txog lub teeb pom kev tsawg. Yog li, txhawm rau saib cov khoom faint, lossis cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis pom kev, qhov ntau dua qhov aperture, qhov ci dua daim duab yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav. Tab sis tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum saib cov kev txwv ntawm qhov loj, qhov hnyav, thiab tus nqi. Cov neeg uas xav mus saib ib pab pawg tshis ib mais ntawm ib sab ntawm lub roob yuav tsum xav txog qhov pom qhov pom nrog qhov aperture ntawm 80mm lossis ntau dua, thaum cov neeg xav tau me ntsis ntau dua li qhov muaj peev xwm los muab kev pom zoo ntawm cov noog ntawm lub tsev noj mov, 40mm mus rau 50mm ntsuas yuav ua tau zoo heev. Rau cov kev xav tau hais los ntawm cov noog feem ntau thiab cov neeg saib xyuas ntuj, telescopes nrog apertures ntawm 60mm thiab 80mm yuav yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam zoo ntawm kev txav mus los thiab lub teeb tuav.
Magnification
Ob peb yam nyob rau hauv optics yog to taub tsawg dua magnification. Ua tsaug rau qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom thiab cov ntawv muag khoom extolling "siab powered telescopes," cov neeg siv khoom tsis ruaj khov feem ntau cia siab tias kev nthuav dav yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum npaj kev yuav khoom ntawm qhov chaw pom. Qhov no tsuas yog tsis muaj tseeb; ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob siv magnification ntau tshaj qhov tsim nyog los ua txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas nws tau xaiv. Vim li cas? Vim tias thaum koj nce magnification koj:
1) txo cov duab ci ntsa iab los ntawm kev nthuav tawm lub teeb muaj nyob rau thaj tsam ntau dua
2) txo qhov kev pom; ua kom cov khoom nyuaj nrhiav thiab khaws cia hauv nruab nrab
3) qhia ntau cov duab degrading vibrations
4) accentuate atmospheric cuam tshuam
Tau ntau xyoo, qhov nrov tshaj plaws pom qhov pom tau muaj qhov loj ntawm 15 mus rau 60 lub zog, sab saum toj ntawm li 25% ntawm "theoretical" magnification rau 60mm telescope zoo ntawm txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, thawb tus qauv lej ib sab thiab ua raws li cov kev txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej, tus neeg soj ntsuam yuav paub tseeb tias tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis kev pom zoo. Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus neeg soj ntsuam poob rau hauv "qhov loj dua yog qhov zoo dua" ntxiab, thiab thawb cov kev txwv ntawm lawv qhov chaw pom mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv tshuav nrog cov duab fuzzy, jittery.
Optical Txheej
Cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej kho qhov muag-tshwj xeeb yog cov tsom iav tsom iav thiab cov tsom iav. Thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, tsuas yog kwv yees li 50% ntawm lub teeb uas tau ntes los ntawm 7x50 lub koob yees duab lub hom phiaj lens tswj tau mus rau tus neeg soj ntsuam lub qhov muag. Tus so yog absorbed rau hauv iav los yog tawg nyob rau hauv lub system. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm anti-reflection coatings lub teeb kis tau tus mob tau nce mus rau 85 feem pua. Niaj hnub no, cov txheej txheem magnesium fluoride tuaj yeem ua kom lub teeb xa mus txog li 89 feem pua ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag ntau txheej xa mus txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg 98% ntawm ib qho chaw!
Ib lo lus hais txog Tripods
Feem ntau cov naturalists mount binoculars nrog magnifications saum toj no hais txog 10 lub hwj chim ntawm lub tripod, thiab txij li thaum pom cov scopes muaj magnification ntau yam uas feem ntau pib ntawm 15 los yog ntau tshaj, nws stands rau yog vim li cas hais tias tag nrho cov spotting scopes yuav ua tau zoo dua yog mounted rau ib tug zoo tripod.
Tripods tuaj nrog ntau yam nta, thiab tus nqi sib txawv raws li. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li qhov pom kev pom, feem ntau cov qauv zoo nyob zoo ib yam rau ntau xyoo. Yog li, cov neeg yuav khoom muaj txiaj ntsig yuav tsum xaiv tus qauv nrog qhov zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog los ua kom lawv qhov kev yuav khoom muaj nqis.
Qee cov ntsiab lus xav txog
Rigidity:
Xaiv lub tripod tshwj xeeb rau nws daim ntawv thov thiab qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav ntawm lub thauj khoom nws yuav tsum tau nqa, nco ntsoov tias rigidity yog ntau yam khoom tsim dua li qhov hnyav. Birders nyiam nyob rau hauv kev mus thiab feem ntau xav tau lub tripod uas yog lub teeb yuag-tsuas yog loj txaus los nqa lub teeb lub teeb pom kev zoo lossis pom qhov pom. Amateur astronomers, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyiam siv lawv cov tripods hauv ib lossis ob qhov chaw hauv chav saib yav tsaus ntuj thiab nyiam siv cov khoom hnyav dua. Tso lub rickety los yog tsim tsis zoo tripod nyob rau hauv ib tug $1,000 pom scope yog tantamount rau hitching ib tug kim tsheb kis las mus rau ib pab neeg tshis-koj yuav txuag tau roj av, tab sis, zuag qhia tag nrho, tej zaum koj yuav pom ib tug ob peb chim siab shortcomings hauv kev txiav txim siab ua li ntawd.
Cov ceg:
Diam duab tripods muaj ob txhais ceg nrog peb seem uas "teescope" nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw, tso cai rau ib tug tripod uas tej zaum yuav sawv ntau tshaj 5-foot siab thaum nyob rau hauv siv yuav tsum tau tsoo mus rau tsuas yog tshaj 2-ko taw rau cia los yog mus txawv tebchaws. Locking mechanisms tej zaum yuav yog cov clamp- lossis ntsia hlau-hom. Yog tias ua tau zoo, cov qauv no yuav ua tau zoo sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, hom clamp-hom muab rau kev teeb tsa sai thiab hloov sijhawm.
Lub taub hau:
Lub tripod's "lub taub hau" yog ib feem ntawm qhov pom qhov pom tau txuas nrog. Cov laus, lossis tsis tshua kim, tripods feem ntau muaj lub taub hau uas kho tau los ntawm kev xoob thiab zawm ntawm ob lub bolts-rau nce thiab nqis thiab sab rau sab. Kev ua kom zoo rau qhov no yog pom ntawm lub taub hau uas cov bolts tau ua los ntawm cov tes ntev ntev uas tuaj yeem siv tsis yog rau tensioning, tab sis aiming lub ntsuas thiab.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tripods muaj "kua" taub hau-"kua" hais txog qhov smoothness ntawm cov lus tsa suab thiab tsis yog cov khoom siv ua kua-uas ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg siv-kho clutch system uas tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim kom phim qhov nro xav tau los txhawb qhov hnyav ntawm qhov muab. ntsuas.
Nkawm khau:
Qee qhov kev pom qhov pom tau txuas rau lub koob yees duab los ntawm kev siv 1/4-20 ntsia hlau uas hla lub phaj hlau nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau lub taub hau thiab mus rau hauv lub mounting bracket rau hauv qab ntawm qhov ntsuas. Thaum qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev los txuas lub tripod, nws tawm ntau yam uas xav tau thaum ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb-raws li nws feem ntau yog.
Hauv ntau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tripods, cov phaj hlau (lossis "Shoe") tau hais los saum toj no yog tshem tau thiab tuaj yeem txuas nrog rau txhua lub sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau los ntawm snapping khau rau saum lub taub hau tripod, thiab tshem tawm nrog "ceev-tso" latch lossis ntiv tes. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muaj ntau yam cuab yeej npaj siv rau lub sijhawm ceeb toom (cov khau ntxiv tuaj yeem yuav tau nyias), tab sis txo qis qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm kev poob thaum sim muab nws rau lub koob yees duab.
Thaum kawg Pre-Flight Instructions
1) Xav txog seb koj npaj siab yuav siv koj qhov kev pom tshiab li cas. Yog tias nws tsuas yog siv nyob ib puag ncig hauv tsev thaum nruab hnub, qhov ntsuas 50mm lossis 60mm yuav yog daim pib xwb. Yog hais tias koj yog ib tug avid birder nyob rau hauv kev nrhiav kom tau ib tug zoo saib ntawm cov high-nesting raptors, koj yuav xav xav txog ib tug 80mm mus rau 127mm telescope.
2) Txiav txim siab seb qhov style twg yuav zoo tshaj rau koj cov kev xav tau. Lub qhov muag ruaj khov yuav muab rau koj qhov loj tshaj plaws aperture rau duas; lub koob yees duab zoom yuav yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los siv.
3) Yog tias koj tsis tau muaj lub koob yees duab zoo, koj yuav xav yuav ib qho nrog koj lub koob yees duab. Qhov kev nthuav dav ntau dua ntawm qhov pom pom yuav ua rau tuav nws hauv koj txhais tes ua tsis tau.
4) Ib txwm siv koj qhov ntsuas pom ntawm qhov muaj tseeb magnifications -15 rau 60 lub zog; me ntsis siab dua hauv cov cuab yeej nrog aperture ntau dua 80 millimeters.
5) Spotting scopes tej zaum yuav nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm $100 mus rau ntau tshaj $2,000. Tsis txhob raug dag rau hauv kev xav tias koj qhov kev lom zem yuav tsum ncaj qha proportional rau nws cov nqi. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias feem ntau qhov zoo tuaj nrog tus nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij kho qhov muag pom zoo tias-ib zaug qee qhov kev ua tau zoo tau mus txog-Nws feem ntau siv 100% nce nqi kom tau txais 10% nce hauv kev ua haujlwm.
6) Muaj kev lom zem!