Lub Binoculars ua haujlwm li cas
Binoculars ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm optical txoj cai, precisely los ntawm kev noj kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm lub teeb thaum nws mus los ntawm txawv xov xwm. Cia peb sib nrug los saib seb lub koob yees duab ua haujlwm li cas, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub koob yees duab yog dab tsi, thiab lawv ua haujlwm ua ke li cas?
Binoculars muaj peb qhov chaw kho qhov muag los ua haujlwm:
Eyepiece los yog Ocular: tsom mus rau thiab ua kom pom cov duab virtual
Prisms: kho cov duab orientation – tig daim duab vertically thiab horizontally
Lub Hom Phiaj Lens: sau qhov teeb meem teeb meem thiab concentrates nws nyob rau hauv lub focal point, feem ntau yog ib lub lens system ntawm 2 los yog ntau tshaj lo ntsiab muag los them rau aberration.
Ib qho yooj yim piav qhia Yuav ua li cas binoculars ua haujlwm
Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog qhov chaw ntawm lub koob yees duab thiab lawv txoj haujlwm, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab cov koob yees duab sib nrug thiab saib sab hauv. Ua li ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom cov rooj sib tham ntawm tus kheej thiab tau txais lub tswv yim zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub koob yees duab. Muaj ib qhooptical system thiab mechanical systemsaib.
Optical Parts Of Binoculars
Binoculars muaj peb lub rooj sib tham kho qhov muag uas thim rov qab thiab tsom lub teeb kom nthuav dav ib qho khoom nyob deb thiab ua kom nws tshwm sim ze dua. Peb yam tseem ceeb no yog lub hom phiaj lens, prism system, thiab eyepiece. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov ntu no kom nkag siab txog lawv txoj haujlwm thiab seb lub koob yees duab loj npaum li cas.
Lub Hom Phiaj Lens
CovLub hom phiajnrog nws lojcollection lensnyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kawg los yog hauv qab kawg ntawm lub binoculars, nyob ntawm seb koj saib nws. Lub lens sau yog tsom rau qhov khoom ntawm kev txaus siab, nwscaptures lub teeb.
Qhov loj duaaperture- txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub lens, qhov ntau lub teeb-sib sau zog lub binoculars muaj, yog li qhov ci dua daim duab yuav tshwm. Vim li no, cov neeg yos hav zoov lossis cov neeg nyiam saib hnub qub xaiv lub koob yees duab nrog lub lens loj. Lub teeb pom kev zoo lub teeb pom kev zoo uas zoo rau kev taug kev lossis siv qee zaus yuav muaj qhov me me ntawm ib ncig ntawm 25 mm. Qhov loj ntawm lub aperture yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub thib ob tus xov tooj ntawm lub binoculars ntsuam xyuas ie. 8x ua42
Cov duab nruab nrab virtual tsim los ntawm lub hom phiaj lens yog upside down thiab mirrored. Yuav kom kho qhov no, cov prisms yog siv nyob rau hauv lub binoculars.
Lub Prism System
Yog tsis muaj prisms nyob rau hauv lub binoculars, tus soj ntsuam yuav pom ib tug inverted duab. Cov prisms kho qhov no, thiab lawv kuj pab txo qhov ntev ntawm lub lens me ntsis.
Covprismyog ua los ntawm yas yas thiabua hauj lwm raws li kho daim iav. Raws li lub teeb beam hla dhau ntawm lub prisms, ntau qhov kev xav tau tig rov qab thiab thim rov qab cov duab uas tau npaj los ntawm lub hom phiaj lens, yog li tus neeg soj ntsuam tuaj yeem pom cov duab zoo li qub.
Muaj ob hom prisms siv nyob rau hauv binoculars. Cov no yog Porro prisms thiab txawv ru tsev prism designs.
Porro Prism
Muaj ob lub prisms siv hauv Porro prism binoculars, lawv tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj cai kaum rau ib leeg.
Lub teeb rays yog reflected los ntawm sab hauv thiab inverted los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab nyob rau hauv ib tug prism thiab los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis nyob rau hauv lwm yam prism.
Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm binoculars nrog Porro prism system yog tias cov prisms no yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua los tsim thiab xav tau qhov chaw me me raws li lawv tau teeb tsa ib sab.
Porro prism binoculars feem ntau yog luv dua li lub ru tsev prism binoculars.
Lub Tsev Prism
Cov txheej txheem prism no feem ntau muaj ob lub prisms, uas tsawg kawg yog ib qho zoo li lub ru tsev ntug.
Ib sab ntawm lub prims iav lub cev yuav tsum tau coated los them rau cov theem hloov ntawm qhov sib txawv wavelengths thiab txo cov xim fringing, qhov no ua rau lub ru tsev prism kim kim dua Porro prisms.
Cov duab kho nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev prisms binoculars yuav ua raws li ib tug complex beam txoj kev tshaj nyob rau hauv Porro's, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm flipping lub upside-down thiab mirrored duab los ntawm lub hom phiaj lens yog tib yam.
Lub ru tsev prisms tso cai rau ntau slimmer, ntau compact ua binoculars. Binoculars nrog cov prisms yog me ntsis nqaim thiab elegant dua piv rau cov qauv nrog Porro prisms tab sis feem ntau yog me ntsis kim dua vim tias yuav tsum tau tsim ntau ntau.
Eyepieces
Coveyepieces, kuj huocular, yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub binoculars thiab yog ob lo ntsiab muag uas peb saib ncaj qha rau hauv lub sij hawm soj ntsuam.
Eyecups (rubber extensions ntawm lub qhov muag chim) feem ntau yog siv los ua kom lub qhov muag nyob deb ntawm qhov muag thiab muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam oblique stray teeb.
Lub eyepiece feem ntau muaj ob lossis ntau lub lo ntsiab muag.
Thaum lub koob yees duab tsom tau zoo, nws tso cai rau tib neeg lub qhov muag pom cov duab uas tau npaj los ntawm lub hom phiaj lens thiab lub prism system.
Mechanical Parts Of Binoculars
Kev Kho Diopter
Ntau tus neeg tsis muaj qhov muag pom muaj zog tib yam ntawm ob lub qhov muag. Txhawm rau tso cai rau kev qaug zog-dawb kev soj ntsuam los ntawm binocularstxawv qhov muag yuav tsum tau themyog li ntawd ob lub qhov muag thiaj pom tau ib daim duab tsom.
Feem ntau, txoj cai eyepiece tuaj yeem raug kho kom zoo los them rau qhov sib txawv dioptric los ntawm kev kho qhov tsom ntawm lub qhov muag lo ntsiab muag.
Txhawm rau kho, kaw koj lub qhov muag sab xis thiab ua kom pom tseeb ntawm ib qho khoom siv lub qhov muag sab laug (lub qhov muag tsis muaj diopter them nyiaj) los ntawm tig lub Center Focus Wheel kom txog thaum daim duab yog ntse thiab meej. Tom qab ntawd zoo kho lub sharpness ntawm ob lub qhov muag nrog kev pab los ntawm Diopter Adjustment.
Focus Log
Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov duab ntse thiab meej thaum saib cov khoom ntawm qhov sib txawv nws yog ib txwm tsim nyog los kho cov tsom iav tsom iav. Tig lub pob qhov muag (los yog lub ntsej muag tsom) yuav thawb tawm los yog rub rau hauv lub qhov muag (lossis tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lub qhov muag qhov muag) yog li qhov taw tes ntawm lub qhov muag sib txuas nrog lub focal point ntawm lub hom phiaj lens.
Barrel-Bridge nrog pob khawm
Binoculars tsuas yog ob lub telescopes uas nyob ib sab ntawm ib sab. Lawv yuav tsum taw tes ncaj nraim rau tib qho kev taw qhia kom tus neeg soj ntsuam pom ib txhij los ntawm lawv. Lub thoob-choj tuav lubbinoculars 'thaj tsam nyob rau hauv parallel alignmentrau ib leeg yog li lub optical axis yog parallel (lub teeb beam yogcollimated).
Hinges uas koom nrog tus choj cia peb kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov muag mus rau tus neeg saib lub qhov muag nyob deb.
Barrel los yog Tube
Lub thoob yog lub vaj tsev uas tuav tag nrho cov khoom kho qhov muag ua ke. Lub vaj tse tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab tuav lawv nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov kom lawv tsis txhob hloov los ntawm kev poob siab lossis thaum poob.
Ntau lub koob yees duab zoo dua muaj O-ring seals kom dej thiab ya raws tawm. Hauv ntau cov qauv uas muaj nqi siab, sab hauv kuj tseem muaj cov roj inert kom ntseeg tau tias dej tsis kam txawm tias nyob hauv dej.
Txoj Kev Ntawm Lub Teeb Hauv Porro Prism Binoculars
Yuav ua li cas Prisms Hloov Cov Duab
Duab los ntawm pom Object tshwm horizontally thiab vertically invertically
Thawj prism inverts cov duab vertically
Qhov thib ob prism inverts cov duab horizontally
Ib daim duab me me yog npaj rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov focal ntev ntawm lub hom phiaj
Lub ocular magnifies cov duab thiab nthuav tawm rau lub qhov muag
Yuav Ua Li Cas Daim Duab Tau Txais Kev Pom Zoo
Txhawm rau nthuav tawm cov duab tsom thiab ntse rau cov neeg saib, lub focal point ntawm lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag yuav tsum converge nrog lub focal point ntawm lub hom phiaj lens.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Sau Cov Binoculars Magnification
Lub magnification ntawm binoculars kuj hu ua "lub hwj chim", yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuam xyuas, uas yuav pab txiav txim siab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej. Nws qhia tau hais tias pes tsawg zaus ib daim duab zoo li loj thaum saib los ntawm binoculars piv rau qhov muag liab qab.
Tus naj npawb magnification yog qhov quotient ntawm lub lens focal ntev thiab eyepiece focal ntev. Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no nws yuav yog240 / 24 = 10
Binoculars magnification yog qhia nyob rau hauv thawj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas binocular ie.8x42
Qhov nrov tshaj plaws magnification yam yog 8x thiab 10x. Ntawm 10x magnification, cov khoom 100 meters deb tshwm sim li yog tias lawv nyob deb 10 meters.
Summary Binoculars Parts Thiab Lawv Cov Haujlwm
Nthuav nthuav dav yuav ua li cas binoculars ua hauj lwm, thiab yuav ua li cas lawv tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm ib tug yooj yim heev kev npaj ntawm peb qhov chaw kho qhov muag: Eyepiece, Prisms, thiab Objective Lens.
CovLub hom phiaj lensyog lub lens loj nyob rau pem hauv ntej kawg ntawm lub binoculars, nws fim cov khoom pom. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hom phiaj lens yog hu uaaperture.Qhov loj ntawm lub lens txiav txim siab qhov kev daws teeb meem (ntse) thiab lub teeb tuaj yeem sib sau tau npaum li cas. Cov duab ntes los ntawm lub hom phiaj yog mirrored thiab upside down.
Prismsyog siv los kho cov duab. Thaum lub teeb rays ntawm daim duab inverted dhau los ntawm lub prisms, lawv muaj kev cuam tshuam tawm ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub prism thiab tawm raws li ib txwm, saib tiag tiag duab. Cov hom prism yog Porro prisms thiab lub ru tsev prisms.
CovQhov muag muaglos yog ocular yog ib feem uas tus neeg siv saib mus rau hauv. Cov duab uas lub hom phiaj lens tau sau thiab npaj rau qhov kawg ntawm nws qhov focal ntev, yog magnified los ntawm eyepiece thiab nthuav tawm rau tus neeg saib lub qhov muag.